Johannesburg, South Africa – 14 September 2025 – Cervical cancer remains one of the most common cancers affecting South African women and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the country. Despite its prevalence, it is also highly preventable through vaccination, regular screening, and early treatment.

Understanding Cervical Cancer and Its Causes

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly high-risk strains 16 and 18. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that spreads through unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, early sexual activity, and even skin-to-skin contact with infected areas.

Women living with HIV are particularly vulnerable, often experiencing earlier infection and diagnosis, typically between the ages of 15 and 49. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 95% of cervical cancer cases are linked to persistent HPV infection, and HIV-positive women are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer than those without HIV.

The Role of HPV Vaccination in Prevention

HPV vaccination is a powerful preventive measure against cervical cancer. The vaccine is recommended for girls aged 9 to 15, ideally before they become sexually active. Vaccination significantly reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer later in life by targeting the most dangerous HPV strains.

In Gauteng, the Department of Health has launched a province-wide HPV vaccination campaign, running from 8 September to 7 November 2025. The campaign targets:

• Girls aged 9 to 15 in Grade 5

• Outstanding Grade 6 and 7 learners who missed previous doses

Vaccinations are being administered at public and private schools, including special schools, using the Cervarix vaccine, which is proven safe and highly effective against HPV types 16 and 18. These strains account for over 70% of cervical cancer cases.

Screening: Early Detection Saves Lives

Regular cervical screening is a critical tool in the fight against cervical cancer. Pap smears can detect abnormal cervical cells before they develop into cancer.

• Women aged 30 and above are encouraged to get screened at public health clinics.

• HIV-positive women should begin screening from age 20.

The procedure is quick, painless, and free of charge, and early detection enables timely intervention and treatment, significantly improving outcomes.

Recognising Symptoms Early

Awareness of cervical cancer symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and life-saving treatment. Women should seek medical attention if they experience:

• Bleeding between periods

• Pain or bleeding during intercourse

• Unusual vaginal discharge

• Heavier or longer menstrual periods

• Bleeding after menopause

Global and National Strategies

The WHO has set ambitious targets for 2030 to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem:

• Vaccinate 90% of girls by age 15

• Screen 70% of women by ages 35 and 45

• Ensure 90% of women diagnosed with cervical disease receive treatment

Meeting these targets could prevent 74 million new cases and save 62 million lives by the end of the century.

Locally, Gauteng’s health authorities are committed to these goals through targeted vaccination, education, and screening campaigns to protect young girls and women from this preventable disease.

Take Action: Protect Yourself and Your Loved Ones

Cervical cancer is preventable and manageable when detected early. Women and guardians are urged to:

• Ensure timely HPV vaccination

• Attend regular cervical screenings

• Seek early treatment if abnormalities are detected

By taking these proactive steps, women can protect their health and future, while reducing the burden of cervical cancer on families and communities.